头 (Headers) _ Spring Security6.2.6中文文档(官方文档中文翻译)|Spring 教程 —

对于最新的稳定版本，请使用 Spring Security 6.3.3！spring-doc.cn

您可以使用安全 HTTP 响应标头来提高 Web 应用程序的安全性。本节专门介绍基于 WebFlux 的安全 HTTP 响应标头支持。spring-doc.cn

默认安全标头

Spring Security 提供了一组默认的安全 HTTP 响应 Headers 来提供安全的默认值。虽然这些标头中的每一个都被视为最佳实践，但应该注意的是，并非所有客户端都使用标头，因此鼓励进行额外的测试。spring-doc.cn

您可以自定义特定的标头。例如，假设你想要默认值，但希望为 X-Frame-Options 指定。SAMEORIGINspring-doc.cn

您可以使用以下配置执行此操作：spring-doc.cn

自定义默认安全标头

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
				.mode(Mode.SAMEORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            frameOptions {
                mode = Mode.SAMEORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

如果您不希望添加默认值并希望明确控制应该使用的内容，则可以禁用默认值：spring-doc.cn

禁用 HTTP 安全响应标头

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers.disable());
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            disable()
        }
    }
}

缓存控制

默认情况下，Spring Security 包括 Cache Control 标头。spring-doc.cn

但是，如果你真的想缓存特定的响应，你的应用程序可以有选择地将它们添加到ServerHttpResponse中，以覆盖 Spring Security 设置的 Headers。这对于确保正确缓存 CSS、JavaScript 和图像等内容非常有用。spring-doc.cn

使用 Spring WebFlux 时，通常在配置中执行此操作。您可以在 Spring 参考文档的 Static Resources 部分找到有关如何执行此操作的详细信息。spring-doc.cn

如有必要，您还可以禁用 Spring Security 的缓存控制 HTTP 响应标头。spring-doc.cn

已禁用缓存控制

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.cache(cache -> cache.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            cache {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

内容类型选项

默认情况下， Spring Security 包括 Content-Type Headers。但是，您可以禁用它：spring-doc.cn

内容类型选项已禁用

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentTypeOptions(contentTypeOptions -> contentTypeOptions.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentTypeOptions {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

HTTP 严格传输安全（HSTS）

默认情况下，Spring Security 提供 Strict Transport Security 标头。但是，您可以显式自定义结果。例如，以下示例显式提供 HSTS：spring-doc.cn

严格的运输安全

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.hsts(hsts -> hsts
				.includeSubdomains(true)
				.preload(true)
				.maxAge(Duration.ofDays(365))
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            hsts {
                includeSubdomains = true
                preload = true
                maxAge = Duration.ofDays(365)
            }
        }
    }
}

X 框架选项

默认情况下，Spring Security 通过使用X-Frame-Options禁用 iframe 中的渲染。spring-doc.cn

您可以自定义框架选项以使用相同的原点：spring-doc.cn

X 框架选项：SAMEORIGIN

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
				.mode(SAMEORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            frameOptions {
                mode = SAMEORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

X-XSS 保护

默认情况下，Spring Security 指示浏览器通过使用<<headers-xss-protection，X-XSS-Protection头>来禁用 XSS 审计器。您可以完全禁用标头：X-XSS-Protectionspring-doc.cn

X-XSS-Protection 定制

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.xssProtection(xssProtection -> xssProtection.disable())
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            xssProtection {
                disable()
            }
        }
    }
}

您还可以更改标头值：spring-doc.cn

X-XSS-Protection Explicit 标头值

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.xssProtection(xssProtection -> xssProtection.headerValue(XXssProtectionServerHttpHeadersWriter.HeaderValue.ENABLED_MODE_BLOCK))
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            xssProtection {
                headerValue = XXssProtectionServerHttpHeadersWriter.HeaderValue.ENABLED_MODE_BLOCK
            }
        }
    }
}

内容安全策略（CSP）

默认情况下， Spring Security 不添加内容安全策略，因为如果没有应用程序的上下文，就不可能知道合理的默认值。 Web 应用程序作者必须声明安全策略以实施和/或监控受保护的资源。spring-doc.cn

例如，请考虑以下安全策略：spring-doc.cn

内容安全策略示例

Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/

根据上述策略，您可以启用 CSP 标头：spring-doc.cn

内容安全策略

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
				.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentSecurityPolicy {
                policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
            }
        }
    }
}

要启用 CSP 标头，请提供以下配置：report-onlyspring-doc.cn

仅内容安全策略报告

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
				.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
				.reportOnly()
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            contentSecurityPolicy {
                policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
                reportOnly = true
            }
        }
    }
}

反向链接策略

默认情况下，Spring Security 使用指令添加 Referrer Policy 标头。您可以使用配置更改 Referrer Policy 标头，如下所示：no-referrerspring-doc.cn

反向链接策略配置

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.referrerPolicy(referrer -> referrer
				.policy(ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            referrerPolicy {
                policy = ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN
            }
        }
    }
}

功能策略

默认情况下，Spring Security 不添加 Feature Policy 标头。请考虑以下标头：Feature-Policyspring-doc.cn

功能策略示例

Feature-Policy: geolocation 'self'

您可以启用前面的 Feature Policy 标头：spring-doc.cn

功能策略配置

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
        }
    }
}

权限策略

默认情况下，Spring Security 不添加 Permissions Policy 标头。请考虑以下标头：Permissions-Policyspring-doc.cn

Permissions-Policy 示例

Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(self)

您可以启用前面的 Permissions Policy 标头：spring-doc.cn

权限 - 策略配置

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	http
		// ...
		.headers(headers -> headers
			.permissionsPolicy(permissions -> permissions
				.policy("geolocation=(self)")
			)
		);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    return http {
        // ...
        headers {
            permissionsPolicy {
                policy = "geolocation=(self)"
            }
        }
    }
}

清除站点数据

默认情况下，Spring Security 不添加 Clear-Site-Data 标头。请考虑以下标头：Clear-Site-Dataspring-doc.cn

Clear-Site-Data 示例

Clear-Site-Data: "cache", "cookies"

您可以在注销时发送标头：Clear-Site-Dataspring-doc.cn

Clear-Site-Data 配置

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@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
	ServerLogoutHandler securityContext = new SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler();
	ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter writer = new ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES);
	ServerLogoutHandler clearSiteData = new HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer);
	DelegatingServerLogoutHandler logoutHandler = new DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData);

	http
		// ...
		.logout()
			.logoutHandler(logoutHandler);
	return http.build();
}

@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
    val securityContext: ServerLogoutHandler = SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler()
    val writer = ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES)
    val clearSiteData: ServerLogoutHandler = HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer)
    val customLogoutHandler = DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData)

    return http {
        // ...
        logout {
            logoutHandler = customLogoutHandler
        }
    }
}