用户名/密码 (Username/Password) _ Spring Security6.4.0-SNAPSHOT中文文档(官方文档中文翻译)|Spring 教程 —

此版本仍在开发中，尚未被视为稳定版本。对于最新的稳定版本，请使用 Spring Security 6.3.3！spring-doc.cn

对用户进行身份验证的最常见方法之一是验证用户名和密码。 Spring Security 为使用用户名和密码进行身份验证提供了全面的支持。spring-doc.cn

您可以使用以下内容配置用户名和密码身份验证：spring-doc.cn

简单的用户名/密码示例

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			)
			.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.formLogin(Customizer.withDefaults());

		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

}

<http>
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>
	<form-login />
	<http-basic />

	<user-service>
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
			formLogin { }
			httpBasic { }
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

}

上述配置会自动将内存中的 UserDetailsService 注册到，将 DaoAuthenticationProvider 注册到默认的 AuthenticationManager，并启用 Form Login 和 HTTP Basic 认证。SecurityFilterChainspring-doc.cn

要了解有关用户名/密码身份验证的更多信息，请考虑以下使用案例：spring-doc.cn

我想了解 Form Login 的工作原理 spring-doc.cn
我想了解 HTTP Basic 身份验证的工作原理 spring-doc.cn
我想了解 DaoAuthenticationProvider 的工作原理 spring-doc.cn
我想管理内存中的用户 spring-doc.cn
我想管理数据库中的用户 spring-doc.cn
我想在 LDAP 中管理用户 spring-doc.cn
我想发布一个用于自定义身份验证的 AuthenticationManager Bean spring-doc.cn
我想自定义全局 AuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

发布 Bean`AuthenticationManager`

一个相当常见的要求是发布一个 bean 以允许自定义身份验证，例如在 a 或 Spring MVC 中。例如，您可能希望通过 REST API 而不是使用表单登录对用户进行身份验证。AuthenticationManager@Service@Controllerspring-doc.cn

您可以使用以下配置为自定义身份验证方案发布此类方案：AuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

发布用于自定义身份验证的 BeanAuthenticationManager

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.requestMatchers("/login").permitAll()
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			);

		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(
			UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
			PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
		DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);

		return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

	@Bean
	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
	}

}

<http>
	<intercept-url pattern="/login" access="permitAll"/>
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>

	<bean id="authenticationManager"
			class="org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
				<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
				<property name="passwordEncoder" ref="passwordEncoder" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

	<user-service id="userDetailsService">
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>

	<bean id="passwordEncoder"
			class="org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories" factory-method="createDelegatingPasswordEncoder"/>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize("/login", permitAll)
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun authenticationManager(
			userDetailsService: UserDetailsService,
			passwordEncoder: PasswordEncoder): AuthenticationManager {
		val authenticationProvider = DaoAuthenticationProvider()
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService)
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder)

		return ProviderManager(authenticationProvider)
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

	@Bean
	fun passwordEncoder(): PasswordEncoder {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder()
	}

}

完成上述配置后，您可以创建使用如下的 ID：@RestControllerAuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

创建 for 身份验证@RestController

Javaspring-doc.cn
Kotlinspring-doc.cn

@RestController
public class LoginController {

	private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

	public LoginController(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
		this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
	}

	@PostMapping("/login")
	public ResponseEntity<Void> login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
		Authentication authenticationRequest =
			UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.unauthenticated(loginRequest.username(), loginRequest.password());
		Authentication authenticationResponse =
			this.authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationRequest);
		// ...
	}

	public record LoginRequest(String username, String password) {
	}

}

@RestController
class LoginController(val authenticationManager: AuthenticationManager) {

	@PostMapping("/login")
	fun login(@RequestBody loginRequest: LoginRequest): ResponseEntity<Void> {
		val authenticationRequest =
			UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.unauthenticated(
				loginRequest.username, loginRequest.password)
		val authenticationResponse =
			authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationRequest)
		// ...
	}

	data class LoginRequest(val username: String, val password: String)

}

在此示例中，您负责将经过身份验证的用户保存在（如果需要）。例如，如果使用来持久化请求之间的，则可以使用 HttpSessionSecurityContextRepository。SecurityContextRepositoryHttpSessionSecurityContextspring-doc.cn

自定义`AuthenticationManager`

通常，Spring Security 会构建一个内部组成的用于用户名/密码身份验证。在某些情况下，可能仍需要自定义 Spring Security 使用的实例。例如，您可能只需要为缓存的用户禁用凭证擦除。AuthenticationManagerDaoAuthenticationProviderAuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

为此，您可以利用用于构建 Spring Security 的全局变量作为 bean 发布的事实。您可以按如下方式配置生成器：AuthenticationManagerBuilderAuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

配置全局AuthenticationManagerBuilder

Javaspring-doc.cn
Kotlinspring-doc.cn

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		// ...
		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		// Return a UserDetailsService that caches users
		// ...
	}

	@Autowired
	public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder builder) {
		builder.eraseCredentials(false);
	}

}

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		// ...
		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		// Return a UserDetailsService that caches users
		// ...
	}

	@Autowired
	fun configure(builder: AuthenticationManagerBuilder) {
		builder.eraseCredentials(false)
	}

}

或者，您可以配置本地（local）以覆盖全局（global window）。AuthenticationManagerspring-doc.cn

为 Spring Security 配置 localAuthenticationManager

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			)
			.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.formLogin(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.authenticationManager(authenticationManager());

		return http.build();
	}

	private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() {
		DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService());
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());

		ProviderManager providerManager = new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
		providerManager.setEraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication(false);

		return providerManager;
	}

	private UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

	private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
	}

}

<http authentication-manager-ref="authenticationManager">
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>
	<form-login />
	<http-basic />

	<bean id="authenticationManager"
			class="org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
				<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
				<property name="passwordEncoder" ref="passwordEncoder" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

	<user-service id="userDetailsService">
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>

	<bean id="passwordEncoder"
			class="org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories" factory-method="createDelegatingPasswordEncoder"/>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
			formLogin { }
			httpBasic { }
			authenticationManager = authenticationManager()
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun authenticationManager(): AuthenticationManager {
		val authenticationProvider = DaoAuthenticationProvider()
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService())
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder())

		val providerManager = ProviderManager(authenticationProvider)
		providerManager.eraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication = false

		return providerManager
	}

	private fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

	private fun passwordEncoder(): PasswordEncoder {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder()
	}

}

发布 BeanAuthenticationManager

自定义AuthenticationManager

本部分摘要

发布 Bean`AuthenticationManager`

自定义`AuthenticationManager`