对于最新的稳定版本,请使用 Spring Security 6.3.3! |
对于最新的稳定版本,请使用 Spring Security 6.3.3! |
安全 HTTP 响应标头可用于提高 Web 应用程序的安全性。 本节专门介绍基于 WebFlux 的安全 HTTP 响应标头支持。
默认安全标头
Spring Security 提供了一组默认的安全 HTTP 响应 Headers 来提供安全的默认值。 虽然这些标头中的每一个都被视为最佳实践,但应该注意的是,并非所有客户端都使用这些标头,因此鼓励进行额外的测试。
您可以自定义特定的标头。
例如,假设您需要默认值,但您希望为 X-Frame-Options 指定。SAMEORIGIN
您可以使用以下 Configuration 轻松执行此操作:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
.mode(Mode.SAMEORIGIN)
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
frameOptions {
mode = Mode.SAMEORIGIN
}
}
}
}
如果您不希望添加默认值并希望明确控制应使用的内容,则可以禁用默认值。 下面提供了一个示例:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers.disable());
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
disable()
}
}
}
缓存控制
默认情况下,Spring Security 包括 Cache Control 标头。
但是,如果你真的想缓存特定的响应,你的应用程序可以有选择地将它们添加到ServerHttpResponse中,以覆盖 Spring Security 设置的 Headers。 这对于确保正确缓存 CSS、JavaScript 和图像等内容非常有用。
使用 Spring WebFlux 时,这通常在您的配置中完成。 有关如何执行此操作的详细信息,请参阅 Spring 参考文档的 Static Resources 部分
如有必要,您还可以禁用 Spring Security 的缓存控制 HTTP 响应标头。
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.cache(cache -> cache.disable())
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
cache {
disable()
}
}
}
}
内容类型选项
Spring Security 默认包括 Content-Type 标头。 但是,您可以通过以下方式禁用它:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.contentTypeOptions(contentTypeOptions -> contentTypeOptions.disable())
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
contentTypeOptions {
disable()
}
}
}
}
HTTP 严格传输安全 (HSTS)
Spring Security 默认提供 Strict Transport Security Headers。 但是,您可以显式自定义结果。 例如,以下是显式提供 HSTS 的示例:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.hsts(hsts -> hsts
.includeSubdomains(true)
.preload(true)
.maxAge(Duration.ofDays(365))
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
hsts {
includeSubdomains = true
preload = true
maxAge = Duration.ofDays(365)
}
}
}
}
X 框架选项
默认情况下,Spring Security 使用 X-Frame-Options 禁用 iframe 中的渲染。
您可以使用以下内容自定义框架选项以使用相同的来源:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.frameOptions(frameOptions -> frameOptions
.mode(SAMEORIGIN)
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
frameOptions {
mode = SAMEORIGIN
}
}
}
}
X-XSS 保护
默认情况下,Spring Security 指示浏览器使用<<headers-xss-protection,X-XSS-Protection标头>来阻止反射的 XSS 攻击。
您可以使用以下配置禁用:X-XSS-Protection
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.xssProtection(xssProtection -> xssProtection.disable())
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
xssProtection {
disable()
}
}
}
}
内容安全策略 (CSP)
默认情况下, Spring Security 不添加内容安全策略,因为如果没有应用程序的上下文,就不可能知道合理的默认值。 Web 应用程序作者必须声明安全策略,以强制实施和/或监控受保护的资源。
例如,给定以下安全策略:
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/
您可以启用 CSP 标头,如下所示:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
contentSecurityPolicy {
policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
}
}
}
}
要启用 CSP 标头,请提供以下配置:report-only
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.contentSecurityPolicy(policy -> policy
.policyDirectives("script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/")
.reportOnly()
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
contentSecurityPolicy {
policyDirectives = "script-src 'self' https://trustedscripts.example.com; object-src https://trustedplugins.example.com; report-uri /csp-report-endpoint/"
reportOnly = true
}
}
}
}
反向链接策略
默认情况下,Spring Security 使用指令添加 Referrer Policy 标头。
您可以使用配置更改 Referrer Policy 标头,如下所示:no-referrer
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.referrerPolicy(referrer -> referrer
.policy(ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
referrerPolicy {
policy = ReferrerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN
}
}
}
}
功能策略
默认情况下,Spring Security 不添加 Feature Policy 标头。
以下标头:Feature-Policy
Feature-Policy: geolocation 'self'
您可以启用 Feature Policy 标头,如下所示:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
featurePolicy("geolocation 'self'")
}
}
}
权限策略
默认情况下,Spring Security 不添加 Permissions Policy 标头。
以下标头:Permissions-Policy
Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(self)
您可以启用 Permissions Policy 标头,如下所示:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http
// ...
.headers(headers -> headers
.permissionsPolicy(permissions -> permissions
.policy("geolocation=(self)")
)
);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
// ...
headers {
permissionsPolicy {
policy = "geolocation=(self)"
}
}
}
}
清除站点数据
默认情况下,Spring Security 不添加 Clear-Site-Data 标头。 以下 Clear-Site-Data 标头:
Clear-Site-Data: "cache", "cookies"
可以使用以下配置在注销时发送:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain springSecurityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
ServerLogoutHandler securityContext = new SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler();
ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter writer = new ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES);
ServerLogoutHandler clearSiteData = new HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer);
DelegatingServerLogoutHandler logoutHandler = new DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData);
http
// ...
.logout()
.logoutHandler(logoutHandler);
return http.build();
}
@Bean
fun webFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
val securityContext: ServerLogoutHandler = SecurityContextServerLogoutHandler()
val writer = ClearSiteDataServerHttpHeadersWriter(CACHE, COOKIES)
val clearSiteData: ServerLogoutHandler = HeaderWriterServerLogoutHandler(writer)
val customLogoutHandler = DelegatingServerLogoutHandler(securityContext, clearSiteData)
return http {
// ...
logout {
logoutHandler = customLogoutHandler
}
}
}
跨域策略
Spring Security 为添加一些跨域策略 Headers 提供了内置支持,这些 Headers 是:
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy
默认情况下,Spring Security 不添加跨域策略 Headers。 可以使用以下配置添加标头:
-
Java
-
Kotlin
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
@EnableWebFlux
public class WebSecurityConfig {
@Bean
SecurityWebFilterChain securityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http) {
http.headers((headers) -> headers
.crossOriginOpenerPolicy(CrossOriginOpenerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
.crossOriginEmbedderPolicy(CrossOriginEmbedderPolicy.REQUIRE_CORP)
.crossOriginResourcePolicy(CrossOriginResourcePolicy.SAME_ORIGIN));
return http.build();
}
}
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
@EnableWebFlux
open class CrossOriginPoliciesCustomConfig {
@Bean
open fun springWebFilterChain(http: ServerHttpSecurity): SecurityWebFilterChain {
return http {
headers {
crossOriginOpenerPolicy(CrossOriginOpenerPolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
crossOriginEmbedderPolicy(CrossOriginEmbedderPolicy.REQUIRE_CORP)
crossOriginResourcePolicy(CrossOriginResourcePolicy.SAME_ORIGIN)
}
}
}
}
此配置将使用提供的值写入标头:
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin