This version is still in development and is not considered stable yet. For the latest stable version, please use Spring Boot 3.4.0!spring-doc.cn

SpringApplication

The SpringApplication class provides a convenient way to bootstrap a Spring application that is started from a main() method. In many situations, you can delegate to the static SpringApplication.run(Class, String…​) method, as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication


@SpringBootApplication
class MyApplication

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
	runApplication<MyApplication>(*args)
}

When your application starts, you should see something similar to the following output:spring-doc.cn

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/

 :: Spring Boot ::       (v3.4.1-SNAPSHOT)

2024-11-29T10:01:51.201Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.f.logexample.MyApplication       : Starting MyApplication using Java 17.0.13 with PID 123853 (/opt/apps/myapp.jar started by myuser in /opt/apps/)
2024-11-29T10:01:51.210Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.f.logexample.MyApplication       : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2024-11-29T10:01:53.720Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port 8080 (http)
2024-11-29T10:01:53.740Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2024-11-29T10:01:53.741Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine    : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/10.1.33]
2024-11-29T10:01:53.842Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2024-11-29T10:01:53.847Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2484 ms
2024-11-29T10:01:55.234Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port 8080 (http) with context path '/'
2024-11-29T10:01:55.249Z  INFO 123853 --- [           main] o.s.b.d.f.logexample.MyApplication       : Started MyApplication in 5.146 seconds (process running for 6.342)
2024-11-29T10:01:55.300Z  INFO 123853 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.s.b.w.e.tomcat.GracefulShutdown        : Commencing graceful shutdown. Waiting for active requests to complete
2024-11-29T10:01:55.310Z  INFO 123853 --- [tomcat-shutdown] o.s.b.w.e.tomcat.GracefulShutdown        : Graceful shutdown complete

By default, INFO logging messages are shown, including some relevant startup details, such as the user that launched the application. If you need a log level other than INFO, you can set it, as described in Log Levels. The application version is determined using the implementation version from the main application class’s package. Startup information logging can be turned off by setting spring.main.log-startup-info to false. This will also turn off logging of the application’s active profiles.spring-doc.cn

To add additional logging during startup, you can override logStartupInfo(boolean) in a subclass of SpringApplication.

Startup Failure

If your application fails to start, registered FailureAnalyzer beans get a chance to provide a dedicated error message and a concrete action to fix the problem. For instance, if you start a web application on port 8080 and that port is already in use, you should see something similar to the following message:spring-doc.cn

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

Embedded servlet container failed to start. Port 8080 was already in use.

Action:

Identify and stop the process that is listening on port 8080 or configure this application to listen on another port.
Spring Boot provides numerous FailureAnalyzer implementations, and you can add your own.

If no failure analyzers are able to handle the exception, you can still display the full conditions report to better understand what went wrong. To do so, you need to enable the debug property or enable DEBUG logging for ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener.spring-doc.cn

For instance, if you are running your application by using java -jar, you can enable the debug property as follows:spring-doc.cn

$ java -jar myproject-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --debug

Lazy Initialization

SpringApplication allows an application to be initialized lazily. When lazy initialization is enabled, beans are created as they are needed rather than during application startup. As a result, enabling lazy initialization can reduce the time that it takes your application to start. In a web application, enabling lazy initialization will result in many web-related beans not being initialized until an HTTP request is received.spring-doc.cn

A downside of lazy initialization is that it can delay the discovery of a problem with the application. If a misconfigured bean is initialized lazily, a failure will no longer occur during startup and the problem will only become apparent when the bean is initialized. Care must also be taken to ensure that the JVM has sufficient memory to accommodate all of the application’s beans and not just those that are initialized during startup. For these reasons, lazy initialization is not enabled by default and it is recommended that fine-tuning of the JVM’s heap size is done before enabling lazy initialization.spring-doc.cn

Lazy initialization can be enabled programmatically using the lazyInitialization method on SpringApplicationBuilder or the setLazyInitialization method on SpringApplication. Alternatively, it can be enabled using the spring.main.lazy-initialization property as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

spring.main.lazy-initialization=true
spring:
  main:
    lazy-initialization: true
If you want to disable lazy initialization for certain beans while using lazy initialization for the rest of the application, you can explicitly set their lazy attribute to false using the @Lazy(false) annotation.

Customizing the Banner

The banner that is printed on start up can be changed by adding a banner.txt file to your classpath or by setting the spring.banner.location property to the location of such a file. If the file has an encoding other than UTF-8, you can set spring.banner.charset.spring-doc.cn

Inside your banner.txt file, you can use any key available in the Environment as well as any of the following placeholders:spring-doc.cn

Table 1. Banner variables
Variable Description

${application.version}spring-doc.cn

The version number of your application, as declared in MANIFEST.MF. For example, Implementation-Version: 1.0 is printed as 1.0.spring-doc.cn

${application.formatted-version}spring-doc.cn

The version number of your application, as declared in MANIFEST.MF and formatted for display (surrounded with brackets and prefixed with v). For example (v1.0).spring-doc.cn

${spring-boot.version}spring-doc.cn

The Spring Boot version that you are using. For example 3.4.1-SNAPSHOT.spring-doc.cn

${spring-boot.formatted-version}spring-doc.cn

The Spring Boot version that you are using, formatted for display (surrounded with brackets and prefixed with v). For example (v3.4.1-SNAPSHOT).spring-doc.cn

${Ansi.NAME} (or ${AnsiColor.NAME}, ${AnsiBackground.NAME}, ${AnsiStyle.NAME})spring-doc.cn

Where NAME is the name of an ANSI escape code. See AnsiPropertySource for details.spring-doc.cn

${application.title}spring-doc.cn

The title of your application, as declared in MANIFEST.MF. For example Implementation-Title: MyApp is printed as MyApp.spring-doc.cn
The SpringApplication.setBanner(…​) method can be used if you want to generate a banner programmatically. Use the Banner interface and implement your own printBanner() method.

You can also use the spring.main.banner-mode property to determine if the banner has to be printed on System.out (console), sent to the configured logger (log), or not produced at all (off).spring-doc.cn

The printed banner is registered as a singleton bean under the following name: springBootBanner.spring-doc.cn

The application.title, application.version, and application.formatted-version properties are only available if you are using java -jar or java -cp with Spring Boot launchers. The values will not be resolved if you are running an unpacked jar and starting it with java -cp <classpath> <mainclass> or running your application as a native image.spring-doc.cn

To use the application. properties, launch your application as a packed jar using java -jar or as an unpacked jar using java org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher. This will initialize the application. banner properties before building the classpath and launching your app.spring-doc.cn

Customizing SpringApplication

If the SpringApplication defaults are not to your taste, you can instead create a local instance and customize it. For example, to turn off the banner, you could write:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.Banner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(MyApplication.class);
		application.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF);
		application.run(args);
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.Banner
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication

@SpringBootApplication
class MyApplication

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
	runApplication<MyApplication>(*args) {
		setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
	}
}
The constructor arguments passed to SpringApplication are configuration sources for Spring beans. In most cases, these are references to @Configuration classes, but they could also be direct references @Component classes.

It is also possible to configure the SpringApplication by using an application.properties file. See Externalized Configuration for details.spring-doc.cn

For a complete list of the configuration options, see the SpringApplication API documentation.spring-doc.cn

Fluent Builder API

If you need to build an ApplicationContext hierarchy (multiple contexts with a parent/child relationship) or if you prefer using a fluent builder API, you can use the SpringApplicationBuilder.spring-doc.cn

The SpringApplicationBuilder lets you chain together multiple method calls and includes parent and child methods that let you create a hierarchy, as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

		new SpringApplicationBuilder().sources(Parent.class)
			.child(Application.class)
			.bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
			.run(args);
		SpringApplicationBuilder()
			.sources(Parent::class.java)
			.child(Application::class.java)
			.bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
			.run(*args)
There are some restrictions when creating an ApplicationContext hierarchy. For example, Web components must be contained within the child context, and the same Environment is used for both parent and child contexts. See the SpringApplicationBuilder API documentation for full details.

Application Availability

When deployed on platforms, applications can provide information about their availability to the platform using infrastructure such as Kubernetes Probes. Spring Boot includes out-of-the box support for the commonly used “liveness” and “readiness” availability states. If you are using Spring Boot’s “actuator” support then these states are exposed as health endpoint groups.spring-doc.cn

In addition, you can also obtain availability states by injecting the ApplicationAvailability interface into your own beans.spring-doc.cn

Liveness State

The “Liveness” state of an application tells whether its internal state allows it to work correctly, or recover by itself if it is currently failing. A broken “Liveness” state means that the application is in a state that it cannot recover from, and the infrastructure should restart the application.spring-doc.cn

In general, the "Liveness" state should not be based on external checks, such as health checks. If it did, a failing external system (a database, a Web API, an external cache) would trigger massive restarts and cascading failures across the platform.

The internal state of Spring Boot applications is mostly represented by the Spring ApplicationContext. If the application context has started successfully, Spring Boot assumes that the application is in a valid state. An application is considered live as soon as the context has been refreshed, see Spring Boot application lifecycle and related Application Events.spring-doc.cn

Readiness State

The “Readiness” state of an application tells whether the application is ready to handle traffic. A failing “Readiness” state tells the platform that it should not route traffic to the application for now. This typically happens during startup, while CommandLineRunner and ApplicationRunner components are being processed, or at any time if the application decides that it is too busy for additional traffic.spring-doc.cn

An application is considered ready as soon as application and command-line runners have been called, see Spring Boot application lifecycle and related Application Events.spring-doc.cn

Tasks expected to run during startup should be executed by CommandLineRunner and ApplicationRunner components instead of using Spring component lifecycle callbacks such as @PostConstruct.

Managing the Application Availability State

Application components can retrieve the current availability state at any time, by injecting the ApplicationAvailability interface and calling methods on it. More often, applications will want to listen to state updates or update the state of the application.spring-doc.cn

For example, we can export the "Readiness" state of the application to a file so that a Kubernetes "exec Probe" can look at this file:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.availability.AvailabilityChangeEvent;
import org.springframework.boot.availability.ReadinessState;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyReadinessStateExporter {

	@EventListener
	public void onStateChange(AvailabilityChangeEvent<ReadinessState> event) {
		switch (event.getState()) {
			case ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC -> {
				// create file /tmp/healthy
			}
			case REFUSING_TRAFFIC -> {
				// remove file /tmp/healthy
			}
		}
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.availability.AvailabilityChangeEvent
import org.springframework.boot.availability.ReadinessState
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class MyReadinessStateExporter {

	@EventListener
	fun onStateChange(event: AvailabilityChangeEvent<ReadinessState?>) {
		when (event.state) {
			ReadinessState.ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC -> {
				// create file /tmp/healthy
			}
			ReadinessState.REFUSING_TRAFFIC -> {
				// remove file /tmp/healthy
			}
			else -> {
				// ...
			}
		}
	}

}

We can also update the state of the application, when the application breaks and cannot recover:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.availability.AvailabilityChangeEvent;
import org.springframework.boot.availability.LivenessState;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyLocalCacheVerifier {

	private final ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher;

	public MyLocalCacheVerifier(ApplicationEventPublisher eventPublisher) {
		this.eventPublisher = eventPublisher;
	}

	public void checkLocalCache() {
		try {
			// ...
		}
		catch (CacheCompletelyBrokenException ex) {
			AvailabilityChangeEvent.publish(this.eventPublisher, ex, LivenessState.BROKEN);
		}
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.availability.AvailabilityChangeEvent
import org.springframework.boot.availability.LivenessState
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class MyLocalCacheVerifier(private val eventPublisher: ApplicationEventPublisher) {

	fun checkLocalCache() {
		try {
			// ...
		} catch (ex: CacheCompletelyBrokenException) {
			AvailabilityChangeEvent.publish(eventPublisher, ex, LivenessState.BROKEN)
		}
	}

}

Spring Boot provides Kubernetes HTTP probes for "Liveness" and "Readiness" with Actuator Health Endpoints. You can get more guidance about deploying Spring Boot applications on Kubernetes in the dedicated section.spring-doc.cn

Application Events and Listeners

In addition to the usual Spring Framework events, such as ContextRefreshedEvent, a SpringApplication sends some additional application events.spring-doc.cn

Some events are actually triggered before the ApplicationContext is created, so you cannot register a listener on those as a @Bean. You can register them with the SpringApplication.addListeners(…​) method or the SpringApplicationBuilder.listeners(…​) method.spring-doc.cn

If you want those listeners to be registered automatically, regardless of the way the application is created, you can add a META-INF/spring.factories file to your project and reference your listener(s) by using the ApplicationListener key, as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=com.example.project.MyListener

Application events are sent in the following order, as your application runs:spring-doc.cn

  1. An ApplicationStartingEvent is sent at the start of a run but before any processing, except for the registration of listeners and initializers.spring-doc.cn

  2. An ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent is sent when the Environment to be used in the context is known but before the context is created.spring-doc.cn

  3. An ApplicationContextInitializedEvent is sent when the ApplicationContext is prepared and ApplicationContextInitializers have been called but before any bean definitions are loaded.spring-doc.cn

  4. An ApplicationPreparedEvent is sent just before the refresh is started but after bean definitions have been loaded.spring-doc.cn

  5. An ApplicationStartedEvent is sent after the context has been refreshed but before any application and command-line runners have been called.spring-doc.cn

  6. An AvailabilityChangeEvent is sent right after with LivenessState.CORRECT to indicate that the application is considered as live.spring-doc.cn

  7. An ApplicationReadyEvent is sent after any application and command-line runners have been called.spring-doc.cn

  8. An AvailabilityChangeEvent is sent right after with ReadinessState.ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC to indicate that the application is ready to service requests.spring-doc.cn

  9. An ApplicationFailedEvent is sent if there is an exception on startup.spring-doc.cn

The above list only includes SpringApplicationEvents that are tied to a SpringApplication. In addition to these, the following events are also published after ApplicationPreparedEvent and before ApplicationStartedEvent:spring-doc.cn

You often need not use application events, but it can be handy to know that they exist. Internally, Spring Boot uses events to handle a variety of tasks.
Event listeners should not run potentially lengthy tasks as they execute in the same thread by default. Consider using application and command-line runners instead.

Application events are sent by using Spring Framework’s event publishing mechanism. Part of this mechanism ensures that an event published to the listeners in a child context is also published to the listeners in any ancestor contexts. As a result of this, if your application uses a hierarchy of SpringApplication instances, a listener may receive multiple instances of the same type of application event.spring-doc.cn

To allow your listener to distinguish between an event for its context and an event for a descendant context, it should request that its application context is injected and then compare the injected context with the context of the event. The context can be injected by implementing ApplicationContextAware or, if the listener is a bean, by using @Autowired.spring-doc.cn

Web Environment

A SpringApplication attempts to create the right type of ApplicationContext on your behalf. The algorithm used to determine a WebApplicationType is the following:spring-doc.cn

This means that if you are using Spring MVC and the new WebClient from Spring WebFlux in the same application, Spring MVC will be used by default. You can override that easily by calling setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType).spring-doc.cn

It is also possible to take complete control of the ApplicationContext type that is used by calling setApplicationContextFactory(…​).spring-doc.cn

It is often desirable to call setWebApplicationType(WebApplicationType.NONE) when using SpringApplication within a JUnit test.

Accessing Application Arguments

If you need to access the application arguments that were passed to SpringApplication.run(…​), you can inject a ApplicationArguments bean. The ApplicationArguments interface provides access to both the raw String[] arguments as well as parsed option and non-option arguments, as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyBean {

	public MyBean(ApplicationArguments args) {
		boolean debug = args.containsOption("debug");
		List<String> files = args.getNonOptionArgs();
		if (debug) {
			System.out.println(files);
		}
		// if run with "--debug logfile.txt" prints ["logfile.txt"]
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class MyBean(args: ApplicationArguments) {

	init {
		val debug = args.containsOption("debug")
		val files = args.nonOptionArgs
		if (debug) {
			println(files)
		}
		// if run with "--debug logfile.txt" prints ["logfile.txt"]
	}

}
Spring Boot also registers a CommandLinePropertySource with the Spring Environment. This lets you also inject single application arguments by using the @Value annotation.

Using the ApplicationRunner or CommandLineRunner

If you need to run some specific code once the SpringApplication has started, you can implement the ApplicationRunner or CommandLineRunner interfaces. Both interfaces work in the same way and offer a single run method, which is called just before SpringApplication.run(…​) completes.spring-doc.cn

This contract is well suited for tasks that should run after application startup but before it starts accepting traffic.

The CommandLineRunner interfaces provides access to application arguments as a string array, whereas the ApplicationRunner uses the ApplicationArguments interface discussed earlier. The following example shows a CommandLineRunner with a run method:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class MyCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {

	@Override
	public void run(String... args) {
		// Do something...
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component

@Component
class MyCommandLineRunner : CommandLineRunner {

	override fun run(vararg args: String) {
		// Do something...
	}

}

If several CommandLineRunner or ApplicationRunner beans are defined that must be called in a specific order, you can additionally implement the Ordered interface or use the Order annotation.spring-doc.cn

Application Exit

Each SpringApplication registers a shutdown hook with the JVM to ensure that the ApplicationContext closes gracefully on exit. All the standard Spring lifecycle callbacks (such as the DisposableBean interface or the @PreDestroy annotation) can be used.spring-doc.cn

In addition, beans may implement the ExitCodeGenerator interface if they wish to return a specific exit code when SpringApplication.exit() is called. This exit code can then be passed to System.exit() to return it as a status code, as shown in the following example:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.ExitCodeGenerator;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {

	@Bean
	public ExitCodeGenerator exitCodeGenerator() {
		return () -> 42;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.exit(SpringApplication.exit(SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args)));
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.ExitCodeGenerator
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean

import kotlin.system.exitProcess

@SpringBootApplication
class MyApplication {

	@Bean
	fun exitCodeGenerator() = ExitCodeGenerator { 42 }

}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
	exitProcess(SpringApplication.exit(
		runApplication<MyApplication>(*args)))
}

Also, the ExitCodeGenerator interface may be implemented by exceptions. When such an exception is encountered, Spring Boot returns the exit code provided by the implemented getExitCode() method.spring-doc.cn

If there is more than one ExitCodeGenerator, the first non-zero exit code that is generated is used. To control the order in which the generators are called, additionally implement the Ordered interface or use the Order annotation.spring-doc.cn

Admin Features

It is possible to enable admin-related features for the application by specifying the spring.application.admin.enabled property. This exposes the SpringApplicationAdminMXBean on the platform MBeanServer. You could use this feature to administer your Spring Boot application remotely. This feature could also be useful for any service wrapper implementation.spring-doc.cn

If you want to know on which HTTP port the application is running, get the property with a key of local.server.port.

Application Startup tracking

During the application startup, the SpringApplication and the ApplicationContext perform many tasks related to the application lifecycle, the beans lifecycle or even processing application events. With ApplicationStartup, Spring Framework allows you to track the application startup sequence with StartupStep objects. This data can be collected for profiling purposes, or just to have a better understanding of an application startup process.spring-doc.cn

You can choose an ApplicationStartup implementation when setting up the SpringApplication instance. For example, to use the BufferingApplicationStartup, you could write:spring-doc.cn

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.metrics.buffering.BufferingApplicationStartup;

@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(MyApplication.class);
		application.setApplicationStartup(new BufferingApplicationStartup(2048));
		application.run(args);
	}

}
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
import org.springframework.boot.context.metrics.buffering.BufferingApplicationStartup
import org.springframework.boot.runApplication

@SpringBootApplication
class MyApplication

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
	runApplication<MyApplication>(*args) {
		applicationStartup = BufferingApplicationStartup(2048)
	}
}

The first available implementation, FlightRecorderApplicationStartup is provided by Spring Framework. It adds Spring-specific startup events to a Java Flight Recorder session and is meant for profiling applications and correlating their Spring context lifecycle with JVM events (such as allocations, GCs, class loading…​). Once configured, you can record data by running the application with the Flight Recorder enabled:spring-doc.cn

$ java -XX:StartFlightRecording:filename=recording.jfr,duration=10s -jar demo.jar

Spring Boot ships with the BufferingApplicationStartup variant; this implementation is meant for buffering the startup steps and draining them into an external metrics system. Applications can ask for the bean of type BufferingApplicationStartup in any component.spring-doc.cn

Spring Boot can also be configured to expose a startup endpoint that provides this information as a JSON document.spring-doc.cn

Virtual threads

If you’re running on Java 21 or up, you can enable virtual threads by setting the property spring.threads.virtual.enabled to true.spring-doc.cn

Before turning on this option for your application, you should consider reading the official Java virtual threads documentation. In some cases, applications can experience lower throughput because of "Pinned Virtual Threads"; this page also explains how to detect such cases with JDK Flight Recorder or the jcmd CLI.spring-doc.cn

If virtual threads are enabled, properties which configure thread pools don’t have an effect anymore. That’s because virtual threads are scheduled on a JVM wide platform thread pool and not on dedicated thread pools.
One side effect of virtual threads is that they are daemon threads. A JVM will exit if all of its threads are daemon threads. This behavior can be a problem when you rely on @Scheduled beans, for example, to keep your application alive. If you use virtual threads, the scheduler thread is a virtual thread and therefore a daemon thread and won’t keep the JVM alive. This not only affects scheduling and can be the case with other technologies too. To keep the JVM running in all cases, it is recommended to set the property spring.main.keep-alive to true. This ensures that the JVM is kept alive, even if all threads are virtual threads.