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JUnit: "A programmer-friendly testing framework for Java and the JVM". Used by the Spring Framework in its test suite and supported in the Spring TestContext Framework.
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TestNG: A testing framework inspired by JUnit with added support for test groups, data-driven testing, distributed testing, and other features. Supported in the Spring TestContext Framework
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AssertJ: "Fluent assertions for Java", including support for Java 8 lambdas, streams, and numerous other features.
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Mock Objects: Article in Wikipedia.
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MockObjects.com: Web site dedicated to mock objects, a technique for improving the design of code within test-driven development.
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Mockito: Java mock library based on the Test Spy pattern. Used by the Spring Framework in its test suite.
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EasyMock: Java library "that provides Mock Objects for interfaces (and objects through the class extension) by generating them on the fly using Java’s proxy mechanism."
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JMock: Library that supports test-driven development of Java code with mock objects.
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DbUnit: JUnit extension (also usable with Ant and Maven) that is targeted at database-driven projects and, among other things, puts your database into a known state between test runs.
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Testcontainers: Java library that supports JUnit tests, providing lightweight, throwaway instances of common databases, Selenium web browsers, or anything else that can run in a Docker container.
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The Grinder: Java load testing framework.
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SpringMockK: Support for Spring Boot integration tests written in Kotlin using MockK instead of Mockito.